Method and apparatus for query-based congestion control

ABSTRACT

An electronic device may be operable to communicate over a physical medium and to regulate the transmission of a message onto the physical medium. The device may access the medium in accordance with a CSMA scheme, wherein one or more values of one or more CSMA parameters may be determined based on the result of a comparison of a received search token to data stored in the communication device. The message may be a response to a received request message, and the search token may have been received in the request message. A value of the CSMA parameter(s) may be determined based on the result of a comparison of the score and one or more thresholds. The threshold(s) may have been received in the request message. The value(s) of the CSMA parameter(s) may be determined based on one or more initial values contained in the received request message.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/906,216, filed on Feb. 27, 2018, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/653,937, filed on Jul. 19, 2017,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/231,098,filed on Aug. 8, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/537,178, filed on Nov. 10, 2014, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/408,464, filed onFeb. 29, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,885,586, which makes reference to,claims priority to and claims benefit from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/464,376, entitled “Advanced Communication Systemfor Wide-area Low Power Wireless Applications and Active RFID” and filedon Mar. 2, 2011, now expired.

Each of the above-referenced applications is hereby incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This patent application also makes reference to:

-   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/464,376 titled    “Advanced Communication System for Wide-Area Low Power Wireless    Applications and Active RFID” and filed on Mar. 2, 2011, now    expired;-   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/572,390 titled    “System for Adding Dash?-Based Applications Capability to a    Smartphone” and filed on Jul. 15, 2011, now expired;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/267,640 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Adaptive Searching of Distributed Datasets” and filed    on Oct. 6, 2011;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/267,621 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Low-Power, Long-Range Networking” and filed on Oct. 6,    2011;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,718,551 titled “Method and Apparatus for a    Multi-band, Multi-mode Smartcard” and filed on Oct. 11, 2011;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/270,959 titled “Method and    Apparatus for an Integrated Antenna” and filed on Oct. 11, 2011;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/289,054 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Electronic Payment” and filed on Nov. 4, 2011;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/289,050 filed on Nov. 4, 2011;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,622,312 titled “Method and Apparatus for Interfacing    with a Smartcard” and filed on Nov. 16, 2011;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/354,513 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Memory Management” and filed on Jan. 20, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/354,615 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Discovering, People, Products, and/or Services via a    Localized Wireless Network” and filed on Jan. 20, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/396,708 titled “Method and    apparatus for Plug and Play, Networkable ISO 18000-7 Connectivity”    and filed on Feb. 15, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/396,739 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Serving Advertisements in a Low-Power Wireless    Network” and filed on Feb. 15, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/408,440 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Forward Error Correction (FEC) in a    Resource-Constrained Network” and filed on Feb. 29, 2012;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,867,370 titled “Method and Apparatus for Adaptive    Traffic Management in a Resource-Constrained Network” and filed on    Feb. 29, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/408,453 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Dynamic Media Access Control in a Multiple Access    System” and filed on Feb. 29, 2012;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,774,096 titled “Method and Apparatus for Rapid Group    Synchronization” and filed on Feb. 29, 2012;-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/408,461 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Addressing in a Resource-Constrained Network” and    filed on Feb. 29, 2012; and-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/408,466 titled “Method and    Apparatus for Power Autoscaling in a Resource-Constrained Network”    and filed on Feb. 29, 2012.

Each of the above stated applications is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention relate to networking. Morespecifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a methodand apparatus for query-based congestion control.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Existing methods of congestion control in wireless networks often resultin inefficient use of bandwidth and/or power. Further limitations anddisadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will becomeapparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systemswith some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainderof the present application with reference to the drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system and/or method is provided for query-based congestion control,substantially as illustrated by and/or described in connection with atleast one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.

These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the presentinvention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, willbe more fully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts exemplary communication devices which may be operable toimplement query-based congestion control.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating aspects of the invention taking placeat different layers of the OSI model.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for query-basedcongestion control.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are a flowchart illustrating the use of carrier sensemultiple access (CSMA) for implementing query-based congestion control.

FIG. 4C is a flowchart illustrating query-based calculation of timingparameters for accessing a shared medium.

FIGS. 5A-5E illustrate an exemplary dialog between network devicesutilizing query-based congestion control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As utilized herein the terms “circuits” and “circuitry” refer tophysical electronic components (i.e. hardware) and any software and/orfirmware (“code”) which may configure the hardware, be executed by thehardware, and or otherwise be associated with the hardware. As utilizedherein, “and/or” means any one or more of the items in the list joinedby “and/or”. As an example, “x and/or y” means any element of thethree-element set {(x), (y), (x, y)}. As another example, “x, y, and/orz” means any element of the seven-element set {(x), (y), (z), (x, y),(x, z), (y, z), (x, y, z)}. As utilized herein, the terms “block” and“module” refer to functions than can be implemented in hardware,software, firmware, or any combination of one or more thereof. Asutilized herein, the term “exemplary” means serving as a non-limitingexample, instance, or illustration. As utilized herein, the terms“e.g.,” and “for example,” introduce a list of one or more non-limitingexamples, instances, or illustrations.

FIG. 1 depicts exemplary communication devices which may be operable toimplement query-based congestion control. Shown in FIG. 1 are details ofan exemplary first device 102 and details of an exemplary second device104.

The CPU 204 may comprise circuitry operable to control operation of thefirst device 102. The CPU 204 may, for example, execute an operatingsystem and/or other programs such (e.g., programs that enable a userinterface of the device 102). The CPU 204 may generate one or morecontrol signals for controlling the operation of the device 102. The CPU204 may, for example, control a mode of operation of the device 102.

The CPU 214 may comprise circuitry operable to control operation of thesecond device 104. In some instances, the CPU 214 may be substantiallysimilar to the CPU 204. In instances that the device 102 is lessresource-constrained device, such as a base station or networkcontroller, and the device 104 is more resource-constrained device, suchas a battery-powered tag, the CPU 204 may be less-complex (e.g.,comprise fewer gates, utilize less power, utilize less memory, etc.)than the CPU 214. In one embodiment, for example, the CPU 204 maycomprise a RISC or ARM processor, and the CPU 214 may comprise astate-machine having a relatively small number of states (e.g., fourstates).

The radio 207 may comprise a processor 208 and an analog front-end (AFE)209. The processor 208 may comprise circuitry operable to interface withthe AFE 209 to receive and transmit data, and to process received andto-be-transmitted data. For transmission, the processor 208 may beoperable to receive data from the CPU 204 and/or memory 206, encode,packetize, and/or otherwise process the data to prepare it fortransmission in accordance with one or more wireless protocols, andoutput the data to the AFE 209 for transmission. For reception, theprocessor 208 may be operable to receive data via the AFE 209, processthe received data and output received data to the memory 206 and/or theCPU 204. Exemplary protocols which may be supported by the second device104 include the ISO 18000-7 standard, and protocols described in theabove-incorporated U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/464,376filed on Mar. 2, 2011.

The radio 217 may comprise a processor 218 and an analog front-end (AFE)219. The baseband processor 218 may comprise circuitry operable tointerface with the AFE 219 to receive and transmit data, and to processreceived and to-be-transmitted data. In some instances, the basebandprocessor 218 may be substantially similar to the baseband processor208. In instances that the device 102 is less-resource-constraineddevice, such as a base station or network controller, and the device 104is a more-resource-constrained device, such as a battery-powered tag,the baseband processor 218 may be less-complex (e.g., comprise fewergates, utilize less power, utilize less memory, etc.) than the basebandprocessor 208. In one embodiment, for example, the baseband processor208 may be operable to implement more complex signal processingalgorithms (e.g., FEC decoding) than the baseband processor 218.

The analog front-end (AFE) 209 may comprise circuitry suitable forprocessing received and/or to-be-transmitted data in the analog domain.For transmission, the AFE 209 may receive digital data from the basebandprocessor 208, process the data to generate corresponding RF signals,and output the RF signals to the antenna 210. For reception, the AFE 209may receive RF signals from the antenna 210, process the RF signals togenerate corresponding digital data, and output the digital data to thebaseband processor 209. In some instances, the AFE 219 may besubstantially similar to the AFE 209. In instances that the device 102is less-resource-constrained device, such as a base station or networkcontroller, and the device 104 is a more-resource-constrained device,such as a battery-powered tag, the AFE 219 may be less-complex (e.g.,comprise fewer gates, utilize less power, utilize less memory, etc.)than the AFE 209. In one embodiment, for example, the AFE 209 maycomprise a more-sensitive receiver, a more powerful transmitter than theAFE 219.

Circuitry of the memory 206 may comprise one or more memory cells andmay be operable to store data to the memory cell(s) and read data fromthe memory cell(s). The one or more memory cell may comprise one or morevolatile memory cells and/or one or more non-volatile memory cells. Thememory 206 may store data arranged, for example, as an indexed shortfile block (ISFB) and/or indexed short file series block (ISFSB) asdescribed in the above-incorporated U.S. Provisional Patent Application61/464,376.

Circuitry of the memory 216 may comprise one or more memory cells andmay be operable to read data from the memory cell(s) and/or store datato the memory cell(s). The memory 216 may store data arranged, forexample, as an indexed short file block (ISFB) and/or indexed short fileseries block (ISFSB) as described in the above-incorporated U.S.Provisional Patent Application 61/464,376. In some instances, the memory216 may be substantially similar to the memory 206. In instances thatthe device 104 is resource-constrained, the memory 216 may beless-complex (e.g., comprise fewer gates, utilize less power, etc.) thanthe memory 206.

Each of the clocks 211 and 221 may be operable to generate one or moreoscillating signals which may be utilized to control synchronouscircuitry of the device 100. The clock 211 may comprise, for example,one or more crystal oscillators, phase-locked loops, and/or directdigital synthesizers. The clock 211 may also comprise a “date/time” or“real-time” clock operable to keep track of time of day, day of week,day of month, month, and/or year.

The interfaces 212 and 222 may enable configuring and/or programming thedevices 102 and 104, respectively. In an exemplary embodiment, one ormore values of one or more timing parameters may be programmed via theprogramming interfaces 212 and/or 222.

Each of the antennas 210 and 220 may be operable to transmit and receiveelectromagnetic signals in one or more frequency bands. In an embodimentof the invention, the antennas 210 and 220 may be operable to transmitand receive signals in the ISM frequency band centered at 433.92 MHz.

In operation, the device 102 may send a request message which may bereceived by the device 104. The request message may comprise an N-bitsearch token and one or more threshold values. The device 104 may thensearch N-bit blocks of data in the memory 216 looking for a “match” forthe search token. Just how similar the N-bit data needs to be to thesearch token may be determined by the received threshold value. Forexample, if the threshold value is N, then only an N-bit block of dataexactly matching the search token would be a “match.” On the other hand,if the threshold value is 5, then any N-bit block of data in the memorythat has 5 bits in common with the search token may be considered a“match.” The number of bits that an N-bit block of data has in commonwith the search token may be referred to as that block's search score.

In an exemplary embodiment, if more one or more matches for the searchtoken are found in the memory 216, then the device 104 may send aresponse message to the device 102. The device 104 may, for example,send one or more matching blocks of data, and/or the scores associatedwith the matching blocks, to the device 102. The device 104 mayprioritize the data and/or scores it sends to the device 102 in order ofhighest to lowest search score.

In an exemplary embodiment, if, when, and/or how the device 104 sends aresponse message to the device 102 may be determined based on the searchscore(s) that resulted from the search of the memory 216 for thereceived search token. For example, the device 104 may not respond tothe request if none of the search scores are above the threshold value.Conversely, if one or more of the search scores are above the threshold,how soon the device 104 attempts to send a response and/or howaggressively the device 104 contends for access to the communicationmedium may depend on the search score associated with the message to besent. For example, for a response message containing data with arelatively-higher search score, the device 104 may begin contending foraccess to the medium almost immediately after generating the searchscore and may contend for access for a relatively-longer period.Conversely, a for a response message containing data with a search scoreof less than N, the device 104 may delay contending for the medium and,once it does start contending for the medium, may do so for arelatively-shorter period of time. Additionally or alternatively, for aresponse message containing data with a relatively-higher search score,the device 104 may require the medium to be free for arelatively-shorter period of time before it begins transmitting theresponse. Conversely, for a response message containing data with arelatively-shorter search score, the device 104 may require the mediumto be free for a relatively-longer period of time before it beginstransmitting the response.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating aspects of the invention taking placeat different layers of the OSI model. As shown in FIG. 2, the device 104may comprise: a congestion module 230 and/or a flow control module 232which may operate at the transport layer (layer 4 of the OSI model); acarrier sense multiple access (CSMA) module 236 which may operate at thedata link layer (layer 2 of the OSI model); and a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) module which may operate at the physical layer(layer 1 of the OSI model). The device 104 may also comprise a register234 which may be accessible to and/or modifiable by the congestioncontrol module 230, the flow control module 232, and/or the CSMA module236.

In operation, the congestion control module 230 may receive timingparameters T_(CA0), T_(G), score, ch_list, and CSMA_options. Theparameter T_(CA0) may correspond to the amount of time that the device104 has to initiate transmission of the response message. That is,T_(CA0) may correspond to T_(C)−T_(resp), where T_(C) is the duration ofthe response window (the amount of time that the requesting device isgoing to listen for responses to the request message), and T_(resp) isthe amount of time it will take the device 104 to transmit the responsemessage. The parameter T_(G) may be an initial value for a parameterT_(G)′ which may determine how long the physical medium must be inactivebefore the device 104 begins transmitting on the medium. The parameter“score” may be the search score associated with the response message.The parameter ch_list may indicate onto which channel or channels thedevice 104 may attempt to transmit the response message. The congestioncontrol module 230 may utilize ch_list to generate ch_lst′ which may be,for example, all or a subset of ch_list. One or more of the parametersT_(C), T_(G), score, CSMA_options, and ch_list may have been receivedin, and/or derived from information contained in, the request message.In this manner, the requesting device may control, at least in part, if,how, and/or when the responding device 104 transmits a response to therequest.

The parameter CSMA_options may indicate whether to use carrier sense(i.e. “listen before talk”) and/or which equations and/or algorithms areutilized by the congestion control module 230 for calculating T_(CA)and/or T_(G)′. For example, for a first value of CSMA_options, T_(CA)may be set equal to T_(CA0), but for a second CSMA_options, T_(CA) maybe set equal to T_(CA0)/2. In this regard, the congestion control module230 may utilize the parameters T_(CA0), score, ch_list and/orCSMA_options to generate a value of T_(CA), which may be less than orequal to T_(CA0). After calculating T_(CA), the congestion controlmodule 230 may store the value of T_(CA) in the register 234. Similarly,the congestion control module 230 may utilize the parameters T_(G),score, ch_list and/or CSMA_options for calculating T_(G)′.

Upon initialization from the congestion control module 230, the CSMAmodule 236 may perform CSMA as, for example, described below inreference to FIG. 4B. If an available channel is detected, the CSMAmodule 236 may assert TxEN and the congestion control module 204 maythen manage the transmission of the response packet onto the medium onthe available channel. Upon TxEN being asserted, the flow control module232 may modify the value stored in the register 234. If, after tryingfor a period of time T_(CA), none of the channels in the channel listare determined to be available, then, depending on the value of T_(CA),the device 104 may abort transmission of the response or may take abreak and try again later. For example, if the congestion control modulesets T_(CA)=T_(CA0) then upon the CSMA failing to obtain access to themedium for a period of time T_(CA), the device 104 may aborttransmission of the response message. Conversely, if T_(CA)<T_(CA0),then the congestion control module 230 may wait for a period of timeT_(wait), and then trigger the CSMA module 236 to once again attempt togain access to the medium. The second attempt may last for up to periodof time equal to T_(CA0)−T_(CA)−T_(wait). The parameter T_(wait) may becalculated based on, for example, the parameters score, CSMA_options,T_(CA0), T_(CA), ch_list, T_(G), and/or T_(G)′.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for query-basedcongestion control. In step 302, the device 104 may receive a requestmessage from the device 102. In step 304, the device 104 may compare asearch token contained in the request message to a block of data storedin the memory 216. The result of the comparison may be a score whichindicates the similarity between the search token and the block of data.In an exemplary embodiment, the score may be generated via a correlationoperation. In step 306, the score generated in step 304 may be comparedto a threshold value. The threshold value may, for example, have beenreceived in the request message and/or pre-configured in the device 104.If the score is below the threshold, then, in step 308, the device 104may decide to discard the request and not send a response. If the scoreis above the threshold value, then the exemplary steps may advance tostep 310.

In step 310, the device 104 may extract one or more timing parameters(e.g., one or more of the parameters T_(C), T_(G), CSMA_options, andch_list discussed above with respect to FIG. 2) from the requestmessage. In step 312, the device 104 may calculate one or more timingparameters based on the score generated in step 304 and/or based on theparameters recovered in step 310. The device 104 may, for example,calculate T_(CA) and T_(G)′ as described above with respect to FIG. 2.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are a flowchart illustrating the use of carrier sensemultiple access (CSMA) for implementing query-based congestion control.Referring to FIG. 4A, the exemplary steps begin with step 402 in whichthe device 104 decides to respond to a received request message. In step404, the congestion control module calculates a value of T_(CA) based ona search score associated with the response message to be transmittedand/or based on one or more other timing parameters. The calculatedvalue of T_(CA) may then be stored to the register 234. In step 406, thecongestion control module 230 may compare the value of T_(CA) to athreshold. If the value of T_(CA) is less than a threshold (i.e., therequesting device will cease listening before the complete responsemessage can be transmitted) then in step 408, the device 104 may aborttransmission of the response message.

Returning to step 406, if the value of T_(CA) is greater than thethreshold, then, in step 410, the congestion control module 230 triggersthe CSMA process performed by the CSMA module 236. In step 412, the CSMAprocess described below with respect to FIG. 4B may take place. In step414, if transmission was successful (i.e., either CSMA was disabled oran available channel for transmitting the response message was detectedduring step 412), then the exemplary steps may advance to step 420. Instep 420, the flow control module 232 may set the T_(CA) register 234 toa value guaranteed to be less than the threshold utilized in step 408.For example, the flow control module 232 may set the T_(CA) register 234to a value of −1.

Returning to step 414, if the step 412 did not result in a successfultransmission, then the exemplary steps may advance to step 416. In step416, the congestion control module may count down an amount of timeT_(wait). The value of T_(wait) may be calculated based on variety ofparameters such as, for example, described above with respect to FIG. 2.In step 418, the value stored in the T_(CA) register 234 may be updated.In an exemplary embodiment, the value stored in the register 234 may beupdated by subtracting off the amount of time that has elapsed since thevalue was calculated. In another exemplary embodiment, a new value ofT_(CA) may be calculated based on one or more timing parameters, such asthose described with respect to FIG. 2, and/or based on how much time isleft in the response window (the time period of duration T_(C) duringwhich the requesting device will listen for responses).

Referring now to FIG. 4B, in step 422, the CSMA module 236 may retrieveone or more parameters from the congestion control module 230 and/orretrieve the value of T_(CA) from the register 234. In step 426, if CSMAis disabled (i.e., the device 104 is configured to transmit onto themedium without first sensing whether another device is currentlytransmitting) then the steps advance to step 438. In step 438, the CSMAmodule 236 asserts TxEN. In step 440 the message is transmitted by theflow control module 232.

Returning to step 426, if CSMA is enabled, then in step 428, a variableI may be set to 1. In step 430, the physical layer receiver of thedevice 104 may be powered-up and configured to receive on the i^(th)channel identified by the parameter ch_list′. In step 432, the CSMAmodule 236 may detect whether CS from the physical layer receiver isasserted. The PHY may assert CS when the received signal strength isabove a threshold. The threshold utilized by the RSSI module 238 mayhave been pre-configured by an administrator and/or configureddynamically based on, for example, past performance and/or based oninformation contained in the received request message. If CS is notasserted, then in step 434, the CSMA module 236 waits for a period oftime equal to T_(G)′. In step 436, the CSMA module 236 again detectswhether CS from the physical layer receiver is asserted. If CS is notasserted then, in step 438 the CSMA module 236 asserts TxEN. In step 440the flow control module 232 manages the transmission of the responsemessage onto the physical medium.

Returning to steps 432 and 436, if either of these steps detect that CSis asserted, then the exemplary steps advance to step 444. In step 444,the variable i is incremented by 1. In step 446, the value of T_(CA) inregister 236 is updated by subtracting off the amount of time that haselapsed since the register was last programmed. In step 448, the updatedvalue of T_(CA) is compared to a threshold (i.e. it is determinedwhether there would still be time to transmit the response messagebefore the contention period ends). If T_(CA) is less than thethreshold, then in step 452, TxEN remains deasserted and the stepsadvance to step 442. If T_(CA) is greater than or equal to thethreshold, then in step 450 it is determined whether all channels in thechannel list have been checked for availability. If not, then theexemplary steps return to step 430. If all channels have been checked,then the exemplary steps advance to step 452.

FIG. 4C is a flowchart illustrating query-based calculation of timingparameters for accessing a shared medium. The exemplary steps begin withstep 460 after the device 104 has received a request message and iscalculating a search score based on a search token received in therequest message. In step 462, the device 104 may determine whether thesearch score is greater than a threshold plus a margin 2*Δ. If so, thenin step 464, the congestion control module 230 may set T_(G)′ to T_(G)′₁and set T_(CA) to T_(CA1).

Returning to step 462, if the search score is not greater thanthreshold+2Δ, then the steps advance to step 466. In step 466, thedevice 104 may determine whether the search score is greater than athreshold plus a margin A. If so, then in step 468, the congestioncontrol module 230 may set T_(G)′ to T_(G)′₂ (where T_(G)′₂>T_(G)′₁) andset T_(CA) to T_(CA2) (where T_(CA2)<T_(CA1)).

Returning to step 466, if the search score is not greater thanthreshold+Δ, then the steps advance to step 470. In step 470, the device104 may determine whether the search score is greater than thethreshold. If so, then in step 472, the congestion control module 230may set T_(G)′ to T_(G)′₃ (where T_(G)′₃>T_(G)′₂) and set T_(CA) toT_(CA3) (where T_(CA3)<T_(CA2)). Returning to step 470, if the searchscore is not greater than threshold, then the steps advance to step 474and no response maybe transmitted.

FIGS. 5A-5E illustrate an exemplary dialog between network devicesutilizing query-based congestion control.

In FIG. 5A, the device A is shown transmitting a request message whichis received by both devices B and C.

In FIG. 5B the device B may calculate a search score of X and the deviceC may calculate a search score of Y, where X is a higher search scorethan Y.

In FIG. 5C, the device B may generate timing parameters based on thesearch score X and the device C may generate timing parameters based onthe search score Y.

In FIG. 5D, based on the parameters generated in FIG. 5C, the device Bmay gain access to the medium before the device C gains access to themedium. Accordingly, the device B may transmit a response while thedevice C holds off transmitting its lower-scored response. Then, in FIG.5E, the device C may transmit its response message.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electronic device 104may comprise an interface (e.g., radio 207) operable to communicate overa physical medium and may be operable to regulate the transmission of amessage onto the physical medium. The device 104 may access the mediumin accordance with a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme,wherein one or more values of one or more CSMA parameters (e.g.,ch_list, score, TG, TCA0, and/or CSMA_options) may be determined basedon the result of a comparison of a received search token to data storedin the communication device. The message may be a response to a requestmessage received via the communication interface, and the search tokenmay have been received in the request message. A result of thecomparison may be a score that indicates how similar the data is to thesearch token. One or more values of the one or more CSMA parameters maybe determined based on the result of a comparison of the score and oneor more thresholds. The one or more thresholds may have been received inthe request message. The one or more values of the one or more of theCSMA parameters may be determined based on one or more initial values ofthe one or more CSMA parameters contained in the received requestmessage.

The CSMA parameters may comprise a first parameter (e.g., TCA)corresponding to an amount of time that the device attempts to accessthe medium. An equation utilized for determining the first parameter maybe selected from a plurality of equations based on the comparison of thedata stored in the communication device and the search token. Arelatively-higher similarity between the data and the search token mayresult in relatively-higher value of the first parameter, and arelatively-lower similarity between the data and the search token mayresult in a relatively-lower value of the first parameter. Additionallyor alternatively, the CSMA parameters may comprise a second parametercorresponding to an amount of time that the medium must be free beforetransmitting the message onto the medium. A relatively-higher similaritybetween the data and the search token may result in relatively-lowervalue of the second parameter, and a relatively-lower similarity betweenthe data and the search token may result in a relatively higher-value ofthe second parameter.

Other embodiments of the invention may provide a non-transitory computerreadable medium and/or storage medium, and/or a non-transitory machinereadable medium and/or storage medium, having stored thereon, a machinecode and/or a computer program having at least one code sectionexecutable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machineand/or computer to perform the steps as described herein for query-basedcongestion control.

Accordingly, the present invention may be realized in hardware,software, or a combination of hardware and software. The presentinvention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least onecomputing system, or in a distributed fashion where different elementsare spread across several interconnected computing systems. Any kind ofcomputing system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methodsdescribed herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware andsoftware may be a general-purpose computing system with a program orother code that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computingsystem such that it carries out the methods described herein. Anothertypical implementation may comprise an application specific integratedcircuit or chip.

The present invention may also be embedded in a computer programproduct, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation ofthe methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer systemis able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the presentcontext means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of aset of instructions intended to cause a system having an informationprocessing capability to perform a particular function either directlyor after either or both of the following: a) conversion to anotherlanguage, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different materialform.

While the present invention has been described with reference to certainembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention. In addition, manymodifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material tothe teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope.Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited tothe particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention willinclude all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: in an electronic devicecomprising a communication interface for communicating over a physicalmedium: determining one or more values of one or more CSMA parametersbased on the result of a comparison of a received search token and datastored in said electronic device; and regulating the transmission of amessage onto said physical medium in accordance with a carrier sensemultiple access (CSMA) scheme.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: saidmessage is a response to a request message received via saidcommunication interface; and said search token was received in saidrequest message.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein: a result of saidcomparison is a score that indicates how similar said data is to saidsearch token; said determining of said one or more values of said one ormore CSMA parameters is based on the result of a comparison of saidscore and one or more thresholds that were received in said requestmessage.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein: said message is a responseto a request message received via said communication interface; and saiddetermining of said one or more values of said one or more of said CSMAparameters is based on one or more initial values of said one or moreCSMA parameters contained in said request message.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said CSMA parameters comprise a first parametercorresponding to an amount of time that said electronic device attemptsto access said medium.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein an equationutilized for determining said first parameter is selected from aplurality of equations based on said comparison of said data stored insaid communication device and said search token.
 7. The method of claim5, wherein a relatively-higher similarity between said data and saidsearch token results in relatively-higher value of said first parameter,and a relatively-lower similarity between said data and said searchtoken results in a relatively-lower value of said first parameter. 8.The method of claim 1, wherein said CSMA parameters comprise a secondparameter that corresponds to amount of time that said medium must befree before transmitting said message onto said medium.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein a relatively-higher similarity between said data andsaid search token results in relatively-lower value of said secondparameter, and a relatively-lower similarity between said data and saidsearch token results in a relatively higher-value of said secondparameter.
 10. A system comprising: an electronic device comprising acommunication interface for communicating over a physical medium, saidelectronic device being operable to: determine one or more values of oneor more CSMA parameters based on the result of a comparison of areceived search token and data stored in said electronic device; andregulate the transmission of a message onto said physical medium inaccordance with a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme.
 11. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein: said message is a response to a requestmessage received via said communication interface; and said search tokenwas received in said request message.
 12. The system of claim 11,wherein: a result of said comparison is a score that indicates howsimilar said data is to said search token; said determining of said oneor more values of said one or more CSMA parameters is based on theresult of a comparison of said score and one or more thresholds thatwere received in said request message.
 13. The system of claim 10,wherein: said message is a response to a request message received viasaid communication interface; and said determining of said one or morevalues of said one or more of said CSMA parameters is based on one ormore initial values of said one or more parameters contained in saidrequest message.
 14. The system of claim 10, wherein said CSMAparameters comprise a first parameter corresponding to an amount of timethat said electronic device attempts to access said medium.
 15. Thesystem of claim 14, wherein an equation utilized for determining saidfirst parameter is selected from a plurality of equations based on saidcomparison of said data stored in said electronic device and said searchtoken.
 16. The system of claim 14, wherein a relatively-highersimilarity between said data and said search token results inrelatively-higher value of said first parameter, and a relatively-lowersimilarity between said data and said search token results in arelatively-lower value of said first parameter.
 17. The system of claim10, wherein said CSMA parameters comprise a second parameter thatcorresponds to amount of time that said medium must be free beforetransmitting said message onto said medium.
 18. The system of claim 17,wherein a relatively-higher similarity between said data and said searchtoken results in relatively-lower value of said second parameter, and arelatively-lower similarity between said data and said search tokenresults in a relatively higher-value of said second parameter.
 19. Amethod performed by a communication device which communicates over ashared communication medium, the method comprising: determining valuesof one or more timing parameters based on the result of a comparison ofa received search token and data stored in said communication device;and deciding when to transmit a message onto said shared communicationmedium based on detected activity on said shared communication mediumand based on said one or more timing parameters.
 20. The method of claim19, wherein: said message is a response to a previously-received messagecomprising a threshold value; a result of said comparison is a scorethat indicates how similar said data is to said search token; said oneor more values of said timing parameters are determined based on theresult of a comparison of said score and said threshold value.